diff --git a/desktop/src/lib/intelligence-backend.ts b/desktop/src/lib/intelligence-backend.ts
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+/**
+ * Intelligence Layer Backend Adapter
+ *
+ * Provides TypeScript API for calling Rust intelligence commands.
+ * This replaces the localStorage-based implementations in:
+ * - agent-memory.ts (Phase 1)
+ * - heartbeat-engine.ts (Phase 2)
+ * - context-compactor.ts (Phase 2)
+ * - reflection-engine.ts (Phase 3)
+ * - agent-identity.ts (Phase 3)
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ * ```typescript
+ * import { intelligence } from './intelligence-backend';
+ *
+ * // Memory
+ * const memoryId = await intelligence.memory.store({ ... });
+ * const memories = await intelligence.memory.search({ query: '...' });
+ *
+ * // Heartbeat
+ * await intelligence.heartbeat.init('agent-1');
+ * await intelligence.heartbeat.start('agent-1');
+ *
+ * // Reflection
+ * const result = await intelligence.reflection.reflect('agent-1', memories);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core';
+
+// === Types ===
+
+export interface MemoryEntryInput {
+  agent_id: string;
+  memory_type: string;
+  content: string;
+  importance?: number;
+  source?: string;
+  tags?: string[];
+  conversation_id?: string;
+}
+
+export interface PersistentMemory {
+  id: string;
+  agent_id: string;
+  memory_type: string;
+  content: string;
+  importance: number;
+  source: string;
+  tags: string;
+  conversation_id: string | null;
+  created_at: string;
+  last_accessed_at: string;
+  access_count: number;
+  embedding: string | null;
+}
+
+export interface MemorySearchOptions {
+  agent_id?: string;
+  memory_type?: string;
+  tags?: string[];
+  query?: string;
+  min_importance?: number;
+  limit?: number;
+  offset?: number;
+}
+
+export interface MemoryStats {
+  total_memories: number;
+  by_type: Record<string, number>;
+  by_agent: Record<string, number>;
+  oldest_memory: string | null;
+  newest_memory: string | null;
+}
+
+// Heartbeat types
+export interface HeartbeatConfig {
+  enabled: boolean;
+  interval_minutes: number;
+  quiet_hours_start: string | null;
+  quiet_hours_end: string | null;
+  notify_channel: 'ui' | 'desktop' | 'all';
+  proactivity_level: 'silent' | 'light' | 'standard' | 'autonomous';
+  max_alerts_per_tick: number;
+}
+
+export interface HeartbeatAlert {
+  title: string;
+  content: string;
+  urgency: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high';
+  source: string;
+  timestamp: string;
+}
+
+export interface HeartbeatResult {
+  status: 'ok' | 'alert';
+  alerts: HeartbeatAlert[];
+  checked_items: number;
+  timestamp: string;
+}
+
+// Compactor types
+export interface CompactableMessage {
+  role: string;
+  content: string;
+  id?: string;
+  timestamp?: string;
+}
+
+export interface CompactionResult {
+  compacted_messages: CompactableMessage[];
+  summary: string;
+  original_count: number;
+  retained_count: number;
+  flushed_memories: number;
+  tokens_before_compaction: number;
+  tokens_after_compaction: number;
+}
+
+export interface CompactionCheck {
+  should_compact: boolean;
+  current_tokens: number;
+  threshold: number;
+  urgency: 'none' | 'soft' | 'hard';
+}
+
+// Reflection types
+export interface MemoryEntryForAnalysis {
+  memory_type: string;
+  content: string;
+  importance: number;
+  access_count: number;
+  tags: string[];
+}
+
+export interface PatternObservation {
+  observation: string;
+  frequency: number;
+  sentiment: 'positive' | 'negative' | 'neutral';
+  evidence: string[];
+}
+
+export interface ImprovementSuggestion {
+  area: string;
+  suggestion: string;
+  priority: 'high' | 'medium' | 'low';
+}
+
+export interface ReflectionResult {
+  patterns: PatternObservation[];
+  improvements: ImprovementSuggestion[];
+  identity_proposals: IdentityChangeProposal[];
+  new_memories: number;
+  timestamp: string;
+}
+
+export interface ReflectionState {
+  conversations_since_reflection: number;
+  last_reflection_time: string | null;
+  last_reflection_agent_id: string | null;
+}
+
+// Identity types
+export interface IdentityFiles {
+  soul: string;
+  instructions: string;
+  user_profile: string;
+  heartbeat?: string;
+}
+
+export interface IdentityChangeProposal {
+  id: string;
+  agent_id: string;
+  file: 'soul' | 'instructions';
+  reason: string;
+  current_content: string;
+  suggested_content: string;
+  status: 'pending' | 'approved' | 'rejected';
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+export interface IdentitySnapshot {
+  id: string;
+  agent_id: string;
+  files: IdentityFiles;
+  timestamp: string;
+  reason: string;
+}
+
+// === Memory API ===
+
+export const memory = {
+  async init(): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('memory_init');
+  },
+
+  async store(entry: MemoryEntryInput): Promise<string> {
+    return invoke('memory_store', { entry });
+  },
+
+  async get(id: string): Promise<PersistentMemory | null> {
+    return invoke('memory_get', { id });
+  },
+
+  async search(options: MemorySearchOptions): Promise<PersistentMemory[]> {
+    return invoke('memory_search', { options });
+  },
+
+  async delete(id: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('memory_delete', { id });
+  },
+
+  async deleteAll(agentId: string): Promise<number> {
+    return invoke('memory_delete_all', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async stats(): Promise<MemoryStats> {
+    return invoke('memory_stats');
+  },
+
+  async export(): Promise<PersistentMemory[]> {
+    return invoke('memory_export');
+  },
+
+  async import(memories: PersistentMemory[]): Promise<number> {
+    return invoke('memory_import', { memories });
+  },
+
+  async dbPath(): Promise<string> {
+    return invoke('memory_db_path');
+  },
+};
+
+// === Heartbeat API ===
+
+export const heartbeat = {
+  async init(agentId: string, config?: HeartbeatConfig): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('heartbeat_init', { agentId, config });
+  },
+
+  async start(agentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('heartbeat_start', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async stop(agentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('heartbeat_stop', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async tick(agentId: string): Promise<HeartbeatResult> {
+    return invoke('heartbeat_tick', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async getConfig(agentId: string): Promise<HeartbeatConfig> {
+    return invoke('heartbeat_get_config', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async updateConfig(agentId: string, config: HeartbeatConfig): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('heartbeat_update_config', { agentId, config });
+  },
+
+  async getHistory(agentId: string, limit?: number): Promise<HeartbeatResult[]> {
+    return invoke('heartbeat_get_history', { agentId, limit });
+  },
+};
+
+// === Compactor API ===
+
+export const compactor = {
+  estimateTokens(text: string): Promise<number> {
+    return invoke('compactor_estimate_tokens', { text });
+  },
+
+  estimateMessagesTokens(messages: CompactableMessage[]): Promise<number> {
+    return invoke('compactor_estimate_messages_tokens', { messages });
+  },
+
+  checkThreshold(
+    messages: CompactableMessage[],
+    config?: CompactionConfig
+  ): Promise<CompactionCheck> {
+    return invoke('compactor_check_threshold', { messages, config });
+  },
+
+  compact(
+    messages: CompactableMessage[],
+    agentId: string,
+    conversationId?: string,
+    config?: CompactionConfig
+  ): Promise<CompactionResult> {
+    return invoke('compactor_compact', {
+      messages,
+      agentId,
+      conversationId,
+      config,
+    });
+  },
+};
+
+export interface CompactionConfig {
+  soft_threshold_tokens?: number;
+  hard_threshold_tokens?: number;
+  reserve_tokens?: number;
+  memory_flush_enabled?: boolean;
+  keep_recent_messages?: number;
+  summary_max_tokens?: number;
+  use_llm?: boolean;
+  llm_fallback_to_rules?: boolean;
+}
+
+// === Reflection API ===
+
+export const reflection = {
+  async init(config?: ReflectionConfig): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('reflection_init', { config });
+  },
+
+  async recordConversation(): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('reflection_record_conversation');
+  },
+
+  async shouldReflect(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return invoke('reflection_should_reflect');
+  },
+
+  async reflect(
+    agentId: string,
+    memories: MemoryEntryForAnalysis[]
+  ): Promise<ReflectionResult> {
+    return invoke('reflection_reflect', { agentId, memories });
+  },
+
+  async getHistory(limit?: number): Promise<ReflectionResult[]> {
+    return invoke('reflection_get_history', { limit });
+  },
+
+  async getState(): Promise<ReflectionState> {
+    return invoke('reflection_get_state');
+  },
+};
+
+export interface ReflectionConfig {
+  trigger_after_conversations?: number;
+  trigger_after_hours?: number;
+  allow_soul_modification?: boolean;
+  require_approval?: boolean;
+  use_llm?: boolean;
+  llm_fallback_to_rules?: boolean;
+}
+
+// === Identity API ===
+
+export const identity = {
+  async get(agentId: string): Promise<IdentityFiles> {
+    return invoke('identity_get', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async getFile(agentId: string, file: string): Promise<string> {
+    return invoke('identity_get_file', { agentId, file });
+  },
+
+  async buildPrompt(
+    agentId: string,
+    memoryContext?: string
+  ): Promise<string> {
+    return invoke('identity_build_prompt', { agentId, memoryContext });
+  },
+
+  async updateUserProfile(agentId: string, content: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('identity_update_user_profile', { agentId, content });
+  },
+
+  async appendUserProfile(agentId: string, addition: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('identity_append_user_profile', { agentId, addition });
+  },
+
+  async proposeChange(
+    agentId: string,
+    file: 'soul' | 'instructions',
+    suggestedContent: string,
+    reason: string
+  ): Promise<IdentityChangeProposal> {
+    return invoke('identity_propose_change', {
+      agentId,
+      file,
+      suggestedContent,
+      reason,
+    });
+  },
+
+  async approveProposal(proposalId: string): Promise<IdentityFiles> {
+    return invoke('identity_approve_proposal', { proposalId });
+  },
+
+  async rejectProposal(proposalId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('identity_reject_proposal', { proposalId });
+  },
+
+  async getPendingProposals(
+    agentId?: string
+  ): Promise<IdentityChangeProposal[]> {
+    return invoke('identity_get_pending_proposals', { agentId });
+  },
+
+  async updateFile(
+    agentId: string,
+    file: string,
+    content: string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('identity_update_file', { agentId, file, content });
+  },
+
+  async getSnapshots(
+    agentId: string,
+    limit?: number
+  ): Promise<IdentitySnapshot[]> {
+    return invoke('identity_get_snapshots', { agentId, limit });
+  },
+
+  async restoreSnapshot(
+    agentId: string,
+    snapshotId: string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('identity_restore_snapshot', { agentId, snapshotId });
+  },
+
+  async listAgents(): Promise<string[]> {
+    return invoke('identity_list_agents');
+  },
+
+  async deleteAgent(agentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await invoke('identity_delete_agent', { agentId });
+  },
+};
+
+// === Unified Export ===
+
+export const intelligence = {
+  memory,
+  heartbeat,
+  compactor,
+  reflection,
+  identity,
+};
+
+export default intelligence;