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* Cryptographic utilities for secure storage
* Uses Web Crypto API for AES-GCM encryption
*
* Security features:
* - AES-256-GCM for authenticated encryption
* - PBKDF2 with 100,000 iterations for key derivation
* - Random IV for each encryption operation
* - Constant-time comparison for integrity verification
* - Secure key caching with automatic expiration
*/
const SALT = new TextEncoder().encode('zclaw-secure-storage-salt');
const ITERATIONS = 100000;
const KEY_EXPIRY_MS = 30 * 60 * 1000; // 30 minutes
/**
* Convert Uint8Array to base64 string
*/
export function arrayToBase64(array: Uint8Array): string {
if (array.length === 0) return '';
let binary = '';
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
binary += String.fromCharCode(array[i]);
}
return btoa(binary);
}
/**
* Convert base64 string to Uint8Array
*/
export function base64ToArray(base64: string): Uint8Array {
if (!base64) return new Uint8Array([]);
const binary = atob(base64);
const array = new Uint8Array(binary.length);
for (let i = 0; i < binary.length; i++) {
array[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i);
}
return array;
}
/**
* Key cache entry with expiration
*/
interface CachedKey {
key: CryptoKey;
createdAt: number;
}
/**
* Cache for derived keys with automatic expiration
*/
const keyCache = new Map<string, CachedKey>();
/**
* Clean up expired keys from cache
*/
function cleanupExpiredKeys(): void {
const now = Date.now();
for (const [cacheKey, entry] of keyCache.entries()) {
if (now - entry.createdAt > KEY_EXPIRY_MS) {
keyCache.delete(cacheKey);
}
}
}
/**
* Generate a cache key from master key and salt
*/
function getCacheKey(masterKey: string, salt: Uint8Array): string {
const encoder = new TextEncoder();
const combined = new Uint8Array(encoder.encode(masterKey).length + salt.length);
combined.set(encoder.encode(masterKey), 0);
combined.set(salt, encoder.encode(masterKey).length);
return arrayToBase64(combined.slice(0, 32)); // Use first 32 bytes as cache key
}
/**
* Derive an encryption key from a master key
* Uses PBKDF2 with SHA-256 for key derivation
*
* @param masterKey - The master key string
* @param salt - Optional salt (uses default if not provided)
* @returns Promise<CryptoKey> - The derived encryption key
*/
export async function deriveKey(
masterKey: string,
salt: Uint8Array = SALT
): Promise<CryptoKey> {
// Clean up expired keys periodically
cleanupExpiredKeys();
// Check cache first
const cacheKey = getCacheKey(masterKey, salt);
const cached = keyCache.get(cacheKey);
if (cached && Date.now() - cached.createdAt < KEY_EXPIRY_MS) {
return cached.key;
}
const encoder = new TextEncoder();
const keyMaterial = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
'raw',
encoder.encode(masterKey),
'PBKDF2',
false,
['deriveBits', 'deriveKey']
);
const derivedKey = await crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
{
name: 'PBKDF2',
salt,
iterations: ITERATIONS,
hash: 'SHA-256',
},
keyMaterial,
{ name: 'AES-GCM', length: 256 },
false,
['encrypt', 'decrypt']
);
// Cache the derived key
keyCache.set(cacheKey, { key: derivedKey, createdAt: Date.now() });
return derivedKey;
}
/**
* Encrypted data structure
*/
export interface EncryptedData {
iv: string;
data: string;
authTag?: string; // For future use with separate auth tag
version?: number; // Schema version for future migrations
}
/**
* Current encryption schema version
*/
const ENCRYPTION_VERSION = 1;
/**
* Encrypt data using AES-GCM
*
* @param plaintext - The plaintext string to encrypt
* @param key - The encryption key
* @returns Promise<EncryptedData> - The encrypted data with IV
*/
export async function encrypt(
plaintext: string,
key: CryptoKey
): Promise<EncryptedData> {
const encoder = new TextEncoder();
const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
const encrypted = await crypto.subtle.encrypt(
{ name: 'AES-GCM', iv },
key,
encoder.encode(plaintext)
);
return {
iv: arrayToBase64(iv),
data: arrayToBase64(new Uint8Array(encrypted)),
version: ENCRYPTION_VERSION,
};
}
/**
* Decrypt data using AES-GCM
*
* @param encrypted - The encrypted data object
* @param key - The decryption key
* @returns Promise<string> - The decrypted plaintext
*/
export async function decrypt(
encrypted: EncryptedData,
key: CryptoKey
): Promise<string> {
const decoder = new TextDecoder();
const decrypted = await crypto.subtle.decrypt(
{ name: 'AES-GCM', iv: base64ToArray(encrypted.iv) },
key,
base64ToArray(encrypted.data)
);
return decoder.decode(decrypted);
}
/**
* Generate a random master key for encryption
* Uses cryptographically secure random number generator
*
* @returns string - Base64-encoded 256-bit random key
*/
export function generateMasterKey(): string {
const array = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(32));
return arrayToBase64(array);
}
/**
* Generate a random salt
*
* @param length - Salt length in bytes (default: 16)
* @returns Uint8Array - Random salt
*/
export function generateSalt(length: number = 16): Uint8Array {
return crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(length));
}
/**
* Constant-time comparison to prevent timing attacks
*
* @param a - First byte array
* @param b - Second byte array
* @returns boolean - True if arrays are equal
*/
export function constantTimeEqual(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): boolean {
if (a.length !== b.length) {
return false;
}
let result = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
result |= a[i] ^ b[i];
}
return result === 0;
}
/**
* Hash a string using SHA-256
*
* @param input - The input string to hash
* @returns Promise<string> - Hex-encoded hash
*/
export async function hashSha256(input: string): Promise<string> {
const encoder = new TextEncoder();
const data = encoder.encode(input);
const hashBuffer = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', data);
const hashArray = new Uint8Array(hashBuffer);
// Convert to hex string
return Array.from(hashArray)
.map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'))
.join('');
}
/**
* Hash a string using SHA-512 (for sensitive data)
*
* @param input - The input string to hash
* @returns Promise<string> - Hex-encoded hash
*/
export async function hashSha512(input: string): Promise<string> {
const encoder = new TextEncoder();
const data = encoder.encode(input);
const hashBuffer = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-512', data);
const hashArray = new Uint8Array(hashBuffer);
return Array.from(hashArray)
.map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'))
.join('');
}
/**
* Generate a cryptographically secure random string
*
* @param length - Length of the string (default: 32)
* @returns string - Random alphanumeric string
*/
export function generateRandomString(length: number = 32): string {
const chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';
const array = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(length));
let result = '';
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
result += chars[array[i] % chars.length];
}
return result;
}
/**
* Clear the key cache (for logout or security events)
*/
export function clearKeyCache(): void {
keyCache.clear();
}
/**
* Encrypt a JSON object
*
* @param obj - The object to encrypt
* @param key - The encryption key
* @returns Promise<EncryptedData> - The encrypted data
*/
export async function encryptObject<T>(
obj: T,
key: CryptoKey
): Promise<EncryptedData> {
const plaintext = JSON.stringify(obj);
return encrypt(plaintext, key);
}
/**
* Decrypt a JSON object
*
* @param encrypted - The encrypted data
* @param key - The decryption key
* @returns Promise<T> - The decrypted object
*/
export async function decryptObject<T>(
encrypted: EncryptedData,
key: CryptoKey
): Promise<T> {
const plaintext = await decrypt(encrypted, key);
return JSON.parse(plaintext) as T;
}
/**
* Securely wipe a string from memory (best effort)
* Note: JavaScript strings are immutable, so this only works for
* data that was explicitly copied to a Uint8Array
*
* @param array - The byte array to wipe
*/
export function secureWipe(array: Uint8Array): void {
crypto.getRandomValues(array);
array.fill(0);
}
/**
* Check if Web Crypto API is available
*/
export function isCryptoAvailable(): boolean {
return (
typeof crypto !== 'undefined' &&
typeof crypto.subtle !== 'undefined' &&
typeof crypto.getRandomValues === 'function'
);
}
/**
* Validate encrypted data structure
*/
export function isValidEncryptedData(data: unknown): data is EncryptedData {
if (typeof data !== 'object' || data === null) {
return false;
}
const obj = data as Record<string, unknown>;
return (
typeof obj.iv === 'string' &&
typeof obj.data === 'string' &&
obj.iv.length > 0 &&
obj.data.length > 0
);
}
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