feat(web): VitalSignsChart 集成趋势线 + 移动平均 + 异常标注

增强 VitalSignsChart 组件：
- 线性回归趋势线（虚线显示，斜率/R² 统计）
- 移动平均线（自适应窗口，平滑实线）
- 异常点检测（2倍标准差，红色标记）
- 概览卡片显示趋势方向箭头和异常警告图标
- 详情图下方图例说明各系列含义

apps/web/src/pages/health/components/VitalSignsChart.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,77 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Line } from '@ant-design/charts';
-import { Spin, Typography } from 'antd';
-import { LineChartOutlined, CloseOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import { Spin, Typography, Tag } from 'antd';
+import { LineChartOutlined, CloseOutlined, WarningOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import { healthDataApi } from '../../../api/health/healthData';
 import { useThemeMode } from '../../../hooks/useThemeMode';
 
 const { Text } = Typography;
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 统计计算工具函数（与后端 trend_stats.rs 对齐）
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** 最小二乘法线性回归 */
+function linearRegression(points: { date: string; value: number }[]) {
+  const n = points.length;
+  if (n < 2) return null;
+
+  const xs = points.map((_, i) => i);
+  const ys = points.map((p) => p.value);
+
+  const sumX = xs.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
+  const sumY = ys.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
+  const sumXY = xs.reduce((acc, x, i) => acc + x * ys[i], 0);
+  const sumX2 = xs.reduce((acc, x) => acc + x * x, 0);
+
+  const denom = n * sumX2 - sumX * sumX;
+  if (Math.abs(denom) < 1e-10) return null;
+
+  const slope = (n * sumXY - sumX * sumY) / denom;
+  const intercept = (sumY - slope * sumX) / n;
+
+  const meanY = sumY / n;
+  const ssTot = ys.reduce((acc, y) => acc + (y - meanY) ** 2, 0);
+  const rSquared = ssTot > 0 ? 1 - ys.reduce((acc, y, i) => acc + (y - (intercept + slope * i)) ** 2, 0) / ssTot : 1;
+
+  return { slope, intercept, rSquared };
+}
+
+/** 移动平均 */
+function movingAverage(values: number[], window: number): (number | null)[] {
+  if (values.length === 0 || window === 0) return [];
+  return values.map((_, i) => {
+    if (i + 1 < window) return null;
+    const slice = values.slice(i + 1 - window, i + 1);
+    return slice.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / window;
+  });
+}
+
+/** 异常检测 */
+function detectAnomalies(points: { date: string; value: number }[], threshold: number) {
+  if (points.length < 3) return new Set<number>();
+
+  const values = points.map((p) => p.value);
+  const n = values.length;
+  const mean = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / n;
+  const variance = values.reduce((acc, v) => acc + (v - mean) ** 2, 0) / n;
+  const stdDev = Math.sqrt(variance);
+
+  if (stdDev < 1e-10) return new Set<number>();
+
+  const anomalies = new Set<number>();
+  values.forEach((v, i) => {
+    if (Math.abs((v - mean) / stdDev) > threshold) {
+      anomalies.add(i);
+    }
+  });
+  return anomalies;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 组件
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 interface Props {
   patientId: string;
   refreshKey?: number;
@@ -41,17 +106,21 @@ function extractData(res: unknown): { date: string; value: number }[] {
 
 const emptyData: MetricData = { points: [], latest: null };
 
-/** 概览卡片 — 指标名 + 最新值 + 微型趋势线 */
+/** 概览卡片 — 指标名 + 最新值 + 趋势方向 + 微型趋势线 */
 function MetricCard({
   metric,
   metricData,
   selected,
   onClick,
+  trendDirection,
+  anomalyCount,
 }: {
   metric: MetricConfig;
   metricData: MetricData;
   selected: boolean;
   onClick: () => void;
+  trendDirection: 'rising' | 'falling' | 'stable' | null;
+  anomalyCount: number;
 }) {
   const hasData = metricData.points.length > 0;
   const cardStyle: React.CSSProperties = {
@@ -68,16 +137,27 @@ function MetricCard({
     ...(selected && hasData ? { boxShadow: `0 0 0 1px ${metric.color}22` } : {}),
   };
 
+  const directionIcon = trendDirection === 'rising' ? '↑' : trendDirection === 'falling' ? '↓' : '→';
+  const directionColor = trendDirection === 'rising' ? '#ef4444' : trendDirection === 'falling' ? '#3b82f6' : '#94a3b8';
+
   return (
     <div style={cardStyle} onClick={hasData ? onClick : undefined}>
       <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center', marginBottom: 2 }}>
         <Text style={{ fontSize: 11, color: 'var(--ant-color-text-secondary)' }}>{metric.label}</Text>
-        {metricData.latest != null && (
-          <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, fontWeight: 600, color: metric.color }}>
-            {metricData.latest}
-            <span style={{ fontWeight: 400, fontSize: 10, marginLeft: 2 }}>{metric.unit}</span>
-          </Text>
-        )}
+        <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 4 }}>
+          {anomalyCount > 0 && (
+            <WarningOutlined style={{ fontSize: 10, color: '#ef4444' }} />
+          )}
+          {trendDirection && (
+            <span style={{ fontSize: 11, color: directionColor, fontWeight: 600 }}>{directionIcon}</span>
+          )}
+          {metricData.latest != null && (
+            <Text style={{ fontSize: 12, fontWeight: 600, color: metric.color }}>
+              {metricData.latest}
+              <span style={{ fontWeight: 400, fontSize: 10, marginLeft: 2 }}>{metric.unit}</span>
+            </Text>
+          )}
+        </div>
       </div>
       {hasData ? (
         <Line
@@ -134,6 +214,32 @@ export function VitalSignsChart({ patientId, refreshKey }: Props) {
     });
   }, [patientId, refreshKey]);
 
+  // 为每个指标预计算趋势统计
+  const trendStats = useMemo(() => {
+    const stats: Record<string, {
+      regression: ReturnType<typeof linearRegression>;
+      ma: (number | null)[];
+      anomalyIndices: Set<number>;
+    }> = {};
+
+    for (const m of METRICS) {
+      const data = metricsData[m.key];
+      if (!data || data.points.length < 2) {
+        stats[m.key] = { regression: null, ma: [], anomalyIndices: new Set() };
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const regression = linearRegression(data.points);
+      const values = data.points.map((p) => p.value);
+      const maWindow = Math.min(7, Math.max(3, Math.floor(values.length / 3)));
+      const ma = movingAverage(values, maWindow);
+      const anomalyIndices = detectAnomalies(data.points, 2.0);
+
+      stats[m.key] = { regression, ma, anomalyIndices };
+    }
+    return stats;
+  }, [metricsData]);
+
   if (loading) {
     return (
       <div style={{ height: 48, display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}>
@@ -164,6 +270,83 @@ export function VitalSignsChart({ patientId, refreshKey }: Props) {
   const selectedData = selectedKey ? metricsData[selectedKey] : null;
   const axisLabelStyle = { fill: isDark ? '#94a3b8' : '#475569' };
 
+  // 为详情图构建多系列数据
+  const chartSeries = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!selectedKey || !selectedData) return [];
+    const stat = trendStats[selectedKey];
+    if (!stat) return [];
+
+    const points = selectedData.points;
+    const series: { date: string; value: number; series: string; isAnomaly?: boolean }[] = [];
+
+    // 原始数据系列
+    points.forEach((p, i) => {
+      series.push({
+        date: p.date,
+        value: p.value,
+        series: '实际值',
+        isAnomaly: stat.anomalyIndices.has(i),
+      });
+    });
+
+    // 移动平均系列
+    stat.ma.forEach((val, i) => {
+      if (val != null) {
+        series.push({
+          date: points[i].date,
+          value: val,
+          series: '移动平均',
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    // 趋势线系列（线性回归）
+    if (stat.regression) {
+      const { intercept, slope } = stat.regression;
+      points.forEach((p, i) => {
+        series.push({
+          date: p.date,
+          value: intercept + slope * i,
+          series: '趋势线',
+        });
+      });
+    }
+
+    return series;
+  }, [selectedKey, selectedData, trendStats]);
+
+  // 趋势方向摘要
+  const getTrendDirection = (key: string): 'rising' | 'falling' | 'stable' | null => {
+    const stat = trendStats[key];
+    if (!stat?.regression) return null;
+    const { slope } = stat.regression;
+    if (Math.abs(slope) < 0.01) return 'stable';
+    return slope > 0 ? 'rising' : 'falling';
+  };
+
+  // 趋势描述文本
+  const trendDescription = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!selectedKey || !selectedData || !trendStats[selectedKey]) return null;
+    const stat = trendStats[selectedKey];
+    if (!stat?.regression) return null;
+
+    const { slope, rSquared } = stat.regression;
+    const direction = getTrendDirection(selectedKey);
+    const anomalyCount = stat.anomalyIndices.size;
+    const points = selectedData.points;
+    const periodDays = points.length > 1 ? points.length : 0;
+    const totalChange = slope * (points.length - 1);
+
+    return {
+      direction: direction === 'rising' ? '上升' : direction === 'falling' ? '下降' : '平稳',
+      slope,
+      rSquared,
+      totalChange,
+      periodDays,
+      anomalyCount,
+    };
+  }, [selectedKey, selectedData, trendStats]);
+
   return (
     <div>
       {/* 概览卡片条 */}
@@ -175,6 +358,8 @@ export function VitalSignsChart({ patientId, refreshKey }: Props) {
             metricData={metricsData[m.key] ?? emptyData}
             selected={selectedKey === m.key}
             onClick={() => setSelectedKey((prev) => (prev === m.key ? null : m.key))}
+            trendDirection={getTrendDirection(m.key)}
+            anomalyCount={trendStats[m.key]?.anomalyIndices.size ?? 0}
           />
         ))}
       </div>
@@ -195,6 +380,14 @@ export function VitalSignsChart({ patientId, refreshKey }: Props) {
                 {selectedData.latest}
               </Text>
               <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>{selectedMetric.unit}</Text>
+              {trendDescription && (
+                <Tag color={
+                  trendDescription.direction === '上升' ? 'red' :
+                  trendDescription.direction === '下降' ? 'blue' : 'default'
+                } style={{ marginLeft: 4, fontSize: 11 }}>
+                  {trendDescription.direction} ({trendDescription.totalChange > 0 ? '+' : ''}{trendDescription.totalChange.toFixed(1)})
+                </Tag>
+              )}
             </div>
             <div
               onClick={() => setSelectedKey(null)}
@@ -204,23 +397,88 @@ export function VitalSignsChart({ patientId, refreshKey }: Props) {
             </div>
           </div>
 
+          {/* 趋势统计摘要 */}
+          {trendDescription && (
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 12, marginBottom: 8, flexWrap: 'wrap' }}>
+              <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 11 }}>
+                趋势斜率: {trendDescription.slope > 0 ? '+' : ''}{trendDescription.slope.toFixed(2)}/{selectedMetric.unit}/天
+              </Text>
+              <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 11 }}>
+                R²: {trendDescription.rSquared.toFixed(3)}
+              </Text>
+              {trendDescription.anomalyCount > 0 && (
+                <Text style={{ fontSize: 11, color: '#ef4444' }}>
+                  <WarningOutlined style={{ marginRight: 2 }} />
+                  {trendDescription.anomalyCount} 个异常点
+                </Text>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )}
+
           <Line
-            data={selectedData.points}
+            data={chartSeries}
             xField="date"
             yField="value"
-            smooth
-            height={200}
-            point={{ shapeField: 'circle', sizeField: 3 }}
+            colorField="series"
+            height={240}
             axis={{
               x: { labelAutoRotate: true, label: { style: axisLabelStyle } },
               y: { title: selectedMetric.unit, label: { style: axisLabelStyle } },
             }}
-            style={{ lineWidth: 2, stroke: selectedMetric.color }}
+            style={{
+              lineWidth: 2,
+              stroke: (datum: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+                const series = datum.series as string;
+                if (series === '趋势线') return '#94a3b8';
+                if (series === '移动平均') return selectedMetric.color + '88';
+                return selectedMetric.color;
+              },
+              lineDash: (datum: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+                const series = datum.series as string;
+                if (series === '趋势线') return [6, 3];
+                if (series === '移动平均') return [];
+                return [];
+              },
+            }}
+            point={{
+              shapeField: 'circle',
+              sizeField: 4,
+              style: {
+                fill: (datum: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+                  if (datum.isAnomaly) return '#ef4444';
+                  return selectedMetric.color;
+                },
+                r: (datum: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+                  if (datum.isAnomaly) return 5;
+                  return 3;
+                },
+              },
+            }}
             tooltip={{
-              title: (d) => d.date,
+              title: (d: Record<string, unknown>) => d.date as string,
               items: [{ channel: 'y', valueFormatter: (v: number) => `${v} ${selectedMetric.unit}` }],
             }}
           />
+
+          {/* 图例说明 */}
+          <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 16, marginTop: 4, justifyContent: 'center' }}>
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 4 }}>
+              <div style={{ width: 16, height: 2, background: selectedMetric.color }} />
+              <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 10 }}>实际值</Text>
+            </div>
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 4 }}>
+              <div style={{ width: 16, borderTop: '2px dashed #94a3b8' }} />
+              <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 10 }}>趋势线</Text>
+            </div>
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 4 }}>
+              <div style={{ width: 16, height: 2, background: selectedMetric.color + '88' }} />
+              <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 10 }}>移动平均</Text>
+            </div>
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 4 }}>
+              <div style={{ width: 8, height: 8, borderRadius: '50%', background: '#ef4444' }} />
+              <Text type="secondary" style={{ fontSize: 10 }}>异常点</Text>
+            </div>
+          </div>
         </div>
       )}
     </div>